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 Âûïóñê 76
- Krasnova S. Estimation of external disturbances derivatives based on virtual dynamic models
The method of synthesis of invariant systems in the presence of a dynamic model, that simulates the effect of external disturbances, and the construction on its basis of a dynamic compensator or disturbances observer, is most developed in the theory of automatic control. An alternative method for estimating external influences that does not require the extension of the state space is to use state observers with discontinuous corrective actions functioning in the sliding mode or their continuous analogues. Within the framework of this approach, the original method for estimating the derivatives of external disturbances based on virtual dynamic models composed by sequential differentiation of a part of the derivative of state variables of the control plant, to which the estimated disturbances acting, is proposed. Virtual models are not introduced into the regulator, only dynamic observers of disturbances derivatives are present in the feedback loop. Observers are built as replicas of virtual models. Procedure for cascade synthesis of observers of disturbances derivatives with piecewise linear correcting actions is developed. In this procedure, the motions separation method in virtual space of observation errors is realized. And observer's variables, and their corrective actions, serve as estimates of the derivatives of external disturbances, and they can be used to synthesize combined feedback and/or current diagnostics of the control process.
- Abramova N., Kovriga S., Portsev R. On the development of reflexive approach to analysis of control decisions validity by cognitive mapping
A reflexive approach to analysis of control decisions validity on the solutions of problematic situations with many stakeholders is developed, which generalizes the practice of such analysis. The approach is based on the cognitive maps use of special kinds, which are called reflexive due to the reflection processes stimulation and various verification methods that use reflection. The approach is implemented in the form a technique adapted to different statement of control tasks. The technique is supported by the languages of reflexive maps and graph-analytical methods and techniques of analysis, which are implemented in the author's technology of cognitive mapping. The technique efficiency is demonstrated in two applied examples, which differ by the statement of control tasks. Some directions of the further development of the approach are determined.
- Ratner S. Dynamic models of environmental data envelopmenr analysis with stock and flow variables
The paper devoted to the elaboration of methodological approach to the solution of dynamic problems of Environmental Data Envelopment Analysis for production facilities, whose activities are characterized by a set of variables of two different types - stock variables and flow variables. The limitations that are additionally imposed on the Production Possibility Set are studied. A task is set for assessing the comparative effectiveness of regional systems of environmental management that operate at a certain time interval. A computational example is given for assessing the comparative effectiveness of environmental management systems in the regions of the Central Federal District in the period from 2010 to 2014. The possibilities of using the developed method in practice are discussed.
- Selezneva I. Economy-mathematical model of the system researches process organization
The paper considers the problem of improving the quality of state strategic planning and forecasting. It is assumed that the model of the controlled system is built for the development of management decisions in the course of the so-called system studies. Mathematical models of this process, models of strategic decision-making and their impact on social welfare are developed in order to analyze the impact of the organization of the system research process on the quality of the resulting model and on the quality of strategic management decisions.The process of formation of the estimated society utility function is described. The accuracy and quality of management decisions are formalized. The conditions of "robustness" of the managed system to distortions of the target function of society and optimal policy are described. The expected number of factors taken into account from the total number of potentially significant factors depending on the number of experts participating in the system research is determined. This makes it possible to estimate the minimum allowed “threshold” number of experts required to build an adequate model of the controlled system. Computer statistical modeling in MatLab package by Monte Carlo method was carried out for calculations on this model.
- Belov M. A problem of orchestrated governing of lifecycles of socio-technical systems
General problems of governing of socio-technical systems (STS) are analyzed in the context of harmonizing the interoperable life cycles of the corresponding structural elements of the activity. The system of theses fixing connections between complex activity and STS, features of STS as a subject of management is formulated. Synthesis and concretization are defined as the means of solving the problem. It has been revealed that the problem of managing STS should be solved taking into account the needs to eliminate measurable uncertainty by including scenarios of reaction to measurable uncertainty in consideration, as well as allow for the possibility of multiple consecutive decisions due to the occurrence of true uncertainty events during the life cycles of elements of integrated activity . It is shown that the problem of managing an STS is solved, generally speaking, at all phases and stages of the life cycles of their activities. The creation of technology components (including management components) in the form of information models at the synthesis stage has a decisive influence on the effectiveness and efficiency of integrated activities. The final list of basic tasks of the management of the STS is defined.
- Karpova I., Karpov V. Aggression in the animats world, or about some mechanisms for aggressive behavior control in group robotics
Some possible ways of implementing aggression as one of the mechanisms for the social behavior formation in robots groups are discussed in this work. Aggression is considered as a way to resolve conflicts over resources. The features of the aggressive behavior of eusocial insects (ants) are used as a basic model. A reactive model of behavior was proposed. The aggressive component is integrated into the demand-emotional architecture of the animat's control system, which is presented as a hybrid neuroproduction system. Also, the question of using an aggressive component at the phenomenological level of behavior management. Imitation modeling experiments were carried out on the example of realization of domination in a group. The issue of determining the basic mechanisms for feed areas distribution, which is a part of the foraging task, is also considered. It is shown that such mechanisms are domination (as the result of aggressive actions) and the animats memory. The simulation results confirm that the addition of the "aggressiveness" parameter to the control system provides a variety of animats behavior taking into account the environment state. The proposed aggressive behavior model does not depend on the solved problem, and allows you to manage the group in natural form.
- Burkov V., Enaleev A., Strogonov V. Models and management structure of innovative technologies development and implementation. ii. model of the energy efficiency stimulation mechanism and the elements of the project management structure
The article consists of two parts. We continue a study of the mechanisms for managing the implementation of complex projects that ensure energy efficiency at the second part of the article. We consider a model for stimulating energy efficiency in the sequence of projects in a multi-project structure and propose the optimal mechanism for this model. This mechanism includes a planning procedure, fines for non-compliance with plans, and a reward function for project results. The article consider the functioning of the system as a game of the Center and successively connected agents implementing projects. The strategy of the Center is to choose a mechanism. Agent strategies are messages to the Center for data about their parameters and selection of the project results. Information about the parameters of the agents is necessary to calculate the plans based on the planning procedure. At the same time, agents may report corrupted data. We show that the proposed optimal mechanism encourages agents to provide reliable information and select results that coincide with the plans. Taking into account the results of the study of the mechanisms of project evaluation and budget allocation, discussed in the first part of the article, we propose approaches to forming the structure of the management system for the implementation of complex projects.
- Bazovkin A. About one method of optimization well interventions list
To maintain oil and gas production at a higher level, a complex of well interventions is usually use in the petroleum exploration. The list of well interventions is formed on the basis of the analysis of the current state of reservoir development, technical condition of wells, economic efficiency and other significant factors. To ensure quality planning of production indicators in the oil company, the list of well interventions is formed for years ahead and includes, sometimes, thousands of activities. Usually for most events, only one year of their performance is pre-set. It is of interest to study the influence of variation of the well intervention's months performing within a year for economic indicators. This article proposes a mathematical formalization of the problem of ordering the list of well interventions taking into account some production and economic conditions. The formulated problem is the problem of nonlinear optimization. To solve the problem, a heuristic method is proposed, a full description of which is given in the article. In conclusion, the results of optimization for one real example are given.
- Miroshnik S., Gonchar D. Real time database structure optimization
The problem of minimizing the redundancy of information in the real-time database, which affects the time of access to the database and the implementation of modules is studied. A set of software modules that use information from a set of fields with a known frequency of filling in real-time information is specified. The problem is solved if all modules are completed by the specified time. The complexity of this problem is caused by possible modules dependency (may work in a certain sequence) and the difficulty to allocate sufficient computing resources and time for real-time optimization. Therefore, the solution developed by the authors in the instrumental CAD real time systems is divided into two stages: (a) the preliminary stage (not in real time), which is the formation of groups of close modules and (b) the stage of solving the problem in real time, using the performed at the preliminary stage of optimization of the location of fields in files. The information redundancy of three types is defined: intra-file, cross-file, intra-module. A special model of the designed database is proposed and analytical formulas for calculating the number of fields not used by the modules are constructed.
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